Institutional Architecture of Migration Governance in the Béni Mellal-Khénifra Region : Comparative Insights from Souss-Massa and the Oriental Region

Abstract

Béni Mellal-Khénifra region in central Morocco exemplifies the new challenges of managing migration at the sub-national level, as it is both a significant area of emigration and an emerging destination for immigrants. This study examines the institutional architecture of migration governance in the BMK region. Using a qualitative approach combining document analysis, actor mapping, and key informant interviews, we identify the range of actors (national, regional, local, civil society, international) involved and analyze their coordination mechanisms. The results reveal a complex but still fragmented multi-level governance system. While initial steps toward coordinated governance – such as regional steering committees and multi-actor partnerships – have been made, significant overlaps of responsibilities and gaps in service provision persist. A comparative analysis with two other Moroccan regions (the Oriental and Souss-Massa) highlights BMK’s unique context as well as common challenges, such as the need for sustainable coordination frameworks and greater diaspora engagement. Drawing on these findings, the article proposes several recommendations to strengthen territorial migration governance, including clarifying mandates, institutionalizing consultation platforms, capacity-building for local stakeholders, leveraging diaspora resources, and establishing a regional migration observatory. The BMK case offers insights for the localization of migration policies in Morocco and similar contexts.